Principles of Instrumental Analysis

وحشتوني فحبيت 
واجي ليكم بكيس كيمياء 
واتفضلوا
Principles of Instrumental Analysis
By
Douglas A. Skoog and Donald M. West

Publisher
Saunders College
Number Of Pages: 769
Publication Date: 1980
ISBN-10 / ASIN: 0030211611
ISBN-13 / EAN: 9780030211614

Book Description
This text is written for a course that deals with the principles and applications of modern analytical instruments. Emphasis is placed upon the theoretical basis of each type of instrument, its optimal area of application, its sensitivity, its precision, and its limitations. The text also introduces students to elementary integrated circuitry, microprocessors and computers, and treatment of analytical data.

CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
Types of Analytical Methods
Instruments for Analysis

ELECTRICITY AND ELECTRIC CIRCUITS
Introduction
Reactance in Electrical Circuits
Simple Electrical Measurements

ELEMENTARY ELECTRONICS
Semiconductors
Amplifiers Employing Transistors
Power Supplies and Regulators Employing Transistors
Operational Amplifiers
Noise
Readout Devices
Interfacing of Instruments with Computers

ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION AND ITS INTERACTIONS WITH MATTER
Properties of Electromagnetic Radiation
The Interaction of Radiation with Maller
Emission of Radiation

COMPONENTS OF INSTRUMENTS FOR OPTICAL
SPECTROSCOPY
Components and Configurations of Instruments for Optical Spectroscopy
Radiation Sources
Wavelength Selection; Monochromators
Wavelength Selection: Filters
Sample Containers
Radiation Detection
Signal PrOcessors and Readouts

AN INTRODUCTION TO ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY
Terms Employed in Absorption Spectroscopy

Quantitative Aspects of Absorption Measurements

APPLICATIONS OF ULTRAVIOLET AND VISIBLE ABSORPTION MEASUREMENTS
Absorbing Species
Some Typical Instruments
Application of Absorption Measurement to Qualitative Analysis
Quantitative Analysis by Absorption Measurements
Photometric Titrations
Automatic Photometric and Spectrophotometric Analysis
Photoacoustic Spectroscopy

INFRARED ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY
Theory of Infrared Absorption
Infrared Instrument Components
Some Typical Instruments
Sample Handling Techniques
Qualitative Applications of Infrared Absorption
Quantitative Applications
Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy
Hadamard Transform Spectroscopy

RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
Theory of Raman Spectroscopy
Instrumentation
Applications of Raman Spectroscopy

MOLECULAR FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY
Theory of Fluorescence
Instruments for Fluorescence Analysis
Applications of Fluoremetry
Nephelometry and Turbidimetry

ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY
Theory of Flame Spectroscopy
Flame Characteristics
Atomizers for Atomic Spectroscopy
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy
Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy

EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY
Emission Spectra
Arc and Spark Sources
Argon Plasma Sources
Instruments for Emission Spectroscopy
Applications of Emission Spectroscopy

MISCELLANEOUS OPTICAL METHODS
Refractometry
,Polarimetry
Optical Rotatory Dispersion and Circular Dichroism

NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY
Theory of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Experimental Methods of NMR Spectroscopy
Environmental Effects on Proton NMR Spectra
Applications of Proton NMR
Application of Proton NMR to Quantitative Analysis
Fourier Transform NMR
Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy

RADIOCHEMICAL METHODS
The Radioactive Decay Proa:ss
Neutron Activation Analysis
Isotopic Dilution Methods
Radiometric Methods

MASS SPECTROMETRY
The Mass Spectrometer
Mass Spectra
Qualitative Applications of Mass Spectrometry
Quantitative Applications of Mass Spectrometry

AN INTRODUCTION TO ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Electrochemical Cells
Cell Potentials
Half-Cell or Electrode Potentials
Calculation of Cell Potentials from Electrode Potentials
Effect of Current on Cell Potentials
Reference Electrodes

POTENTIOMETRIC METHODS
Indicator Electrodes
Instruments for Cell Potential Measurement
Direct Potentiometric Measurements
Potentiometric Titrations

ELECTROGRAVIMETRIC AND COULOMETRIC METHODS
Current-Voltage Relationship During an Electrolysis
Electrogravimetric Methods of Analysis
Coulometric Methods of Analysis

VOLTAMMETRY AND POLAROGRAPHY
Polarography
Applications of Polarography
Voltammetry at Solid Electrodes
Polarography with Potentiostatic Control
Modified Voltammetric Methods
Amperometric Titrations
Amperometric Titrations with Two Polarized Microelectrodes

CONDUCTOMETRIC METHODS
Electrolytic Conductance
The Measurement of Conductance
Conductometric Titrations
Applications of Direct Conductance Measurements
Oscillometry

THERMAL METHODS
Thermogravimetric Methods
Differential Thermal Analysis and Differential Scanning Calorimetry
Thermometric Titrations

AN INTRODUCTION TO CHROMATOGRAPHY
A General Description of Chromatography
The Rate Theory or Chromatography
Separations on Columns
Summary of Important Relationships for Chromatography
Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis by Chromatography

LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
Column Chromatography
Planar Chromatography
Electrophoresis and ElectrochrOnilatography

GAS-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
Principles or Gas-Liquid Chromatography
Apparatus
Applications or Gas-Liquid Chromatography
Gas-Solid Chromatography
Examples of Applications of Gas Chromatography


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